2021 Pet Health Trends Report

Chocolate remained BluePearl’s top toxic substance – followed closely by marijuana poisoning, intoxication, and ingestion.

Most toxicity cases at BluePearl are the result of dogs and cats getting into substances around the house or outside. Some foods, medications, plants, or household substances that are safe for humans may be harmful to a dog or cat, so it is important to know what can be potentially toxic and keep them out of your pet's reach.

Chocolate is highly toxic to dogs. Depending on the type and amount of chocolate consumed as well as the weight of the dog, it could cause a serious, life-threatening emergency. Knowing about the dangers of chocolate, including symptoms of ingestion, could save your pet's life. Here’s what every pet owner should know:

10 chocolatey facts

• Chocolate or any other sweets that contain chocolate can be very dangerous for companion animals. Even a small dose can be fatal to dogs and cats.
• Chocolate contains substances known as methylxanthines – specifically caffeine and theobromine – which dogs and cats cannot break down or excrete.
• Different types of chocolate contain varying amounts of methylxanthines. In general, the darker and more bitter the chocolate, the greater the danger.
• Theobromine affects the central nervous system, the digestive system, accelerates heart rate, and leads to increased blood pressure.
• Pets experiencing chocolate toxicity may act abnormally, have difficulty breathing, excessively drink water, vomit, and/or have diarrhea. In more severe cases, pets may experience muscle trembling, loss of coordination, coma, or sudden death from a heart attack.
• Symptoms normally occur quickly after ingestion, but in some cases, can occur after a few days. This depends on the animal itself, as well as the type and amount of chocolate the pet has eaten.
• A veterinarian can prevent theobromine from getting into the bloodstream if the owner brings his pet in quickly after eating chocolate. An ideal time frame is no later than 4 to 8 hours after ingestion.
• A specific antidote for chocolate poisoning does not exist, so in severe poisoning, treatment depends on the pet’s symptoms. A veterinarian can give the pet medication to induce vomiting to expel the chocolate from the body or a medication that will bind to the toxic substances to then be excreted in the feces.
• In general, it is less invasive and less expensive, and the pet has a better prognosis/outcome, if they are treated early. Once a pet has already developed clinical signs, chocolate ingestion by a pet makes for a much more expensive and potentially complicated veterinary visit.
• If your pet eats commercial chocolate, take a picture, or bring in the label. Sometimes chocolate can also include other toxic ingredients such as xylitol and nutmeg.

Over the last decade, pet obesity has become what many now call a national epidemic. While pudgy pets can be “cute,” excess weight can cause damage or contribute to the dysfunction of pets’ circulatory and respiratory systems.

BluePearl launched an investigation into the prevalence of pet obesity and found a 24 percent increase in the number of overweight dogs treated at its practices over the last eight years. Furthermore, in 2021, 52 percent of dogs and 42 percent of cats treated at BluePearl were overweight.

Adipose tissue (fat) is metabolically active and secretes hormones. Some of the secreted hormones are pro-inflammatory. It is important to also note that overweight or obese pets with chronic diseases such as pancreatitis, diabetes, or feline lower urinary tract disease, or with cardiac, respiratory, or renal issues, can be particularly challenging to treat.

Follow these tips to help keep your pet at a healthy weight:

• Be wary of giving pets human food. Even in small quantities, human food can represent a large percentage of a pet’s daily caloric intake and can lead to unintended consequences like weight gain, toxicity or intestinal blockage.
• Do not give in to begging. Next time your pet is begging, see if playtime or grooming will satisfy them. If not, try feeding your pet a specifically formulated weight management diet.
• Space out food intake (portion control). Split your pet’s food into smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day to help prevent hunger. Puzzle feeders or even small treasure hunts to extend mealtimes can also help keep your pet mentally stimulated and satisfied.
• Use a digital scale when feeding. Also, remember that some of pets’ daily allowances should be saved for treats (if treats are on the menu).
• Involve the whole family. Make sure every member of the family (and guests when applicable) is aware of the feeding regimen. Inform them of any dietary restrictions, including human foods.
• Ensure regular exercise. Take your dog on regular walks and play catch, when possible. Cats can be harder to persuade to exercise, but the use of toys can be used to promote play.

Talk to a veterinarian or veterinary nutritionist about a nutrition plan for your pet.

Many veterinarians operate blood banks, and they offer myriad incentives for pets and pet owners to participate. Our blood banks are leaders in the safe collection and handling of pet blood donations, providing life-savings benefits to our patients and beyond.

If you’re interested in learning more about the benefits of having your pet participate, speak to your local veterinarian or contact a BluePearl Pet Hospital with an on-site blood bank. Pet donor requirements and screening protocols can vary by state and program.